Grammer – Simple Present Tense

✅ Simple Present Tense in Persian (حال ساده)

Persian: حال ساده
Finglish: Hāl-e Sādeh

---

💡 Meaning & Use

This tense is used to express:

• Regular actions or routines
• General truths or facts
• Habits

🔹 Just like in English:

• I go to school.
• She eats breakfast every day.
• They play football.

---

🔧 Structure

می‌ + present stem + present personal ending

• می‌ = mi- (optional in casual speech, but formal/polite in writing)
• Present stem = special stem (not the same as past)
• Personal endings show the subject (I, you, etc.)

---

🧠 Present Personal Endings:

Subject	Ending	Finglish
من	ـم	-am
تو	ـی	-i
او	ـد	-ad
ما	ـیم	-im
شما	ـید	-id
آنها	ـند	-and

---

📘 Example 1: رفتن (raftan = to go)

Present stem: rav

Subject	Persian	Finglish	English
من	می‌روم	miravam	I go / I am going
تو	می‌روی	miravi	You go
او	می‌رود	miravad	He/She goes
ما	می‌رویم	miravim	We go
شما	می‌روید	miravid	You (pl.) go
آنها	می‌روند	miravand	They go

---

📘 Example 2: خوردن (khordan = to eat)

Present stem: khor

Subject	Persian	Finglish	English
من	می‌خورم	mikhoram	I eat
تو	می‌خوری	mikhori	You eat
او	می‌خورد	mikhorad	He/She eats
ما	می‌خوریم	mikhorim	We eat
شما	می‌خورید	mikhorid	You (pl.) eat
آنها	می‌خورند	mikhorand	They eat

---

🧠 Tips for Learners

• In spoken Persian, the “می‌” is often dropped for simplicity.
  (e.g., miram instead of miravam)
• Present stems must be memorized — they often differ from the past stem.

---

⏰ Common Time Words:

Persian	Finglish	English
هر روز	har ruz	every day
همیشه	hamishe	always
گاهی	gāhi	sometimes
معمولاً	ma’mulan	usually
الان / اکنون	alān / aknun	now

---

📝 Sample Sentences

1. من هر روز به مدرسه می‌روم.
   Man har ruz be madrese miravam.
   ➤ I go to school every day.
2. او صبحانه می‌خورد.
   U sobhāne mikhorad.
   ➤ He/She eats breakfast.
3. ما فارسی یاد می‌گیریم.
   Mā fārsi yād migirim.
   ➤ We learn Persian.
4. شما همیشه دیر می‌آیید.
   Shomā hamishe dir miāyid.
   ➤ You always come late.